“… birds and mammals did not inherit the neural pathways that generate intelligence from a common ancestor, but rather evolved them independently”

https://www.quantamagazine.org/intelligence-evolved-at-least-twice-in-vertebrate-animals-20250407/

Bird brains are more space efficient.

“circuits that composed the mammalian neocortex and the avian DVR developed at different times, in different orders and in different regions of the brain.”

The base neuron structures seem same. Implications for artificial minds.